Optimal focus of attention for proprioceptive corrections

The rationale behind the current study was to confirm whether a) the benefits of an external focus of attention are dependent on task type and b) whether this can be accounted for by the way in which proprioceptive information is processed.

1. Introduction e.g. first paragraph should contain a brief overview of FOA literature and rationale.
2. Following this discuss the literature in chronological fashion e.g. begin with early experimental research (Wulf, Hob &Prinz 1998 and Wulf et al. 2001 CAH). What they did, what they found and how they accounted for their findings e.g. action effect principle.
3. Then discuss how this research has been extended.
4. This should lead into rationale and hypotheses.
5. You need to identify the gaps/inconsistencies in the literature in order to cement your rationale. Could use work by Toner & Moran here (2015,2016).
6. Use the marking criteria for structure.

• Intro should discuss FOA literature and how this has been extended over the last 15 years e.g. to examine distality of focus, expert/novice differences, task type etc and finally the mechanisms to account for the CAH i.e. movement efficiency (Zachry/Vance/Lohse etc EMG, movement kinematics). This needs more depth to demonstrate your understanding of the literature and justify your rationale (see marking criteria in handbook).
• The rationale behind the current study was to confirm whether a) the benefits of an external focus of attention are dependent on task type and whether this can be accounted for by the way in which proprioceptive information is processed (e.g. afforded by conscious control?).
• Method needs to be a proprioceptive task e.g. leg extension.
• Use a goniometer equipped with a potentiometer so that the axis of rotation of the goniometer corresponds to the rotation axis of the left knee joint.
• As in Toussaint et al. (2010), a typical trial was divided into two phases: an encoding phase followed by a recall phase. During the encoding phase, participants were asked to actively stretch out their left leg to reach one of the three angular positions (132°, 147° or 162°). The experimenter stopped their leg when it reached the required position. This position was maintained for two seconds before the experimenter invited the participants to return their leg to the resting position. In the recall phase, participants had to reproduce at their own pace and as accurately as possible the position previously encoded.

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